Thermodynamics of Hydration
Hydration within biological tissues depends on the thermodynamic balance between
enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS),
which together determine the Gibbs free energy (ΔG = ΔH – TΔS).
A stable and long-lasting hydration requires a global ΔG that remains negative —
meaning the process is energetically favorable and self-sustaining.
Hyaluronic Acid: Enthalpy-Driven Hydration
Hyaluronic acid acts mainly through enthalpy-dominated hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
It traps water within a hydrogel matrix, forming a structured, low-entropy environment.
When this gel network is degraded or diluted, the retained water is released and hydration quickly fades.
In thermodynamic terms: ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 → ΔG slightly negative but short-lived.
Endopeel: Entropy-Favored Hydration
Endopeel does not create a physical matrix; instead, it modifies
protein conformation, lipid fluidity, and
microcirculatory thermodynamics, allowing tissues to reach a new
dynamic equilibrium. This generates a system where
entropy increases (ΔS > 0),
and water molecules remain mobile yet functionally bound —
a living, self-regulated hydration process.
For tissues to rejuvenate, a certain amount of available energy must exist,
naturally arising from the esterification processes that later undergo hydrolysis.
These coupled reactions provide the energetic basis for tissue rejuvenation:
energy is stored during esterification and
released during hydrolysis, fueling molecular rearrangements
in proteins and lipids that sustain hydration at the microscopic level.
In other words, Endopeel reactivates endogenous energy cycles that maintain hydration
homeostasis rather than imposing a passive water reservoir.
The tissue behaves as an open thermodynamic system capable of self-regulation
through biochemical energy flow and entropy management.
| Mechanism |
Dominant Factor |
Thermodynamic Sign |
Effect |
Longevity |
| Hyaluronic Acid |
Enthalpic (H-bonds) |
ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 |
Structured, static water |
Short |
| Endopeel |
Entropic + energy from esterification/hydrolysis |
ΔH ≈ 0, ΔS > 0 → ΔG < 0 |
Dynamic, energy-driven hydration |
Long |
By restoring thermodynamic balance through microcirculatory activation
and biochemical energy release, Endopeel promotes a
living hydration — persistent, physiologic, and volume-independent.
Endopeel hydrates by re-energizing tissue dynamics;
hyaluronic acid hydrates by water storage.